Original title Structures and principles of 27 reactors (with pictures and texts) all you want to know is here Introduction Chemical reactor is the core equipment of chemical production and its advanced technology has an important impact on chemical production which directly affects the investment scale and production cost of the device It is also the heart of the chemical production process from raw materials through reactors to the products we want Type of reactor There are many types of reactors which can be summarized as the following types according to the working principle of the reactor Expand the full text 1 Tubular reactor In chemical production the continuously operating tubular reactor with a large length-to-diameter ratio can be approximately regarded as an ideal displacement flow reactor (Plug flow reactor referred to as PFR) It is suitable for both liquid and gas phase reactions PFRs are particularly suitable for pressurized reactions due to their ability to withstand high pressures It has the advantages of small volume large specific surface area less backmixing continuous change of reaction parameters and easy control but for slow reaction it has nutsche filter dryer the disadvantages of long tube and large pressure drop Type of tubular reactor 1 Horizontal tubular reactor Is formed by connecting a seamless steel pipe with a U-shaped pipe The structure is easy to process manufacture and overhaul High pressure reaction piping is connected with standard groove butt-welded steel flanges which can withstand 1600-10000 kPa pressure If a lens face steel flange is used the pressure can be up to 10000-20000 kPa 2 Vertical tubular reactor The vertical tube reactor is used in liquid phase ammoniation reaction liquid phase hydrogenation reaction liquid phase oxidation reaction and other processes Coil reactor The tubular reactor is made into the form of a coil pipe so that the equipment is compact and the space is saved However it is difficult to overhaul and clean the pipeline 4 U-tube reactor A porous baffle or a stirring device is arranged in the tube of the U-shaped tubular reactor to strengthen the heat transfer and mass transfer process
The disadvantages of the batch reactor are that it needs auxiliary operations such as charging and discharging and the product quality is not easy to be stable However some reaction processes such as some fermentation reactions and polymerization reactions are still difficult to achieve continuous production and batch reactors are still used so far 2 continuous kettle Continuous kettle reactor or continuous kettle 3 Stirred Tank Reactor Stirred tank reactor has vertical vessel central 50l rotovap stirring eccentric stirring inclined stirring horizontal vessel stirring and other types Among them the stirred tank reactor centered in a vertical vessel is the most typical one Performance characteristics The kettle type reactor has the characteristics of wide applicable temperature and pressure range strong adaptability large operation flexibility easy control of temperature and concentration during continuous operation uniform product quality and the like But require a larger volume when use in higher conversion process requirements
The early application of fluidized bed reactor in modern industry is the Winkler furnace (see coal gasifier) for pulverized coal gasification which appeared in the 1920s; however the development of modern fluidized reaction technology is represented by the petroleum catalytic cracking in the 1940s At present fluidized bed reactors have been widely used in chemical petroleum metallurgy nuclear industry and other sectors Bed type of fluidized bed reactor The advantages of a fluidized bed reactor over a fixed bed reactor are jacketed glass reactor 1 continuous input and output of solid materials can be realized; 2 the motion of the fluid and the particles ensures that the bed layer has good heat transfer performance the internal temperature of the bed layer is uniform and is easy to control and the method is particularly suitable for strong exothermic reactions; 3 It is convenient for the continuous regeneration and circulation operation of the catalyst and is suitable for the process with high catalyst deactivation rate The rapid development of catalytic fluidized bed cracking of petroleum fractions is a typical example in this respect
The loop reactor combines the excellent performance of the bubble column and the mechanical stirred tank It has the advantages of fast reaction speed simple structure no mechanical transmission parts and easy engineering scale-up It is a kind of efficient gas-liquid contact reaction equipment The loop reactor comprises an ascending pipe a descending pipe a gas-liquid separator and a bottom connecting section 3 Multiphase Combined Membrane Bioreactor Multiphase composite membrane bioreactor is a new type of equipment for wastewater treatment and reuse which combines membrane separation technology with traditional biological wastewater treatment process The organic substances discharged from the fine chemical production process are mostly toxic and difficult to degrade which seriously endanger the environment so the treatment of chemical waste liquid has been paid more and more attention Multiphase combined membrane bioreactor technology greatly improves the separation efficiency through the efficient separation of membrane modules while the isolation and filtration of membranes provide raw materials with higher mass fraction for subsequent biological reactions For example in solid-liquid separation the mass concentration of activated sludge in membrane bioreactor can reach (20000 ~ 30000) mg/L Because of such a high biomass the degradation ability of membrane reactor to organic matter is very significant and it has been widely used in reclaimed water treatment projects at home and abroad This is Chemical 707 thank you for reading! Good things should not only be collected but also be shared in the circle of friends! Chemical 707 WeChat ID hg707 _ com Deputy editor wechat lyh _ 707 We are all chemical workers chemical road go together! > > Haven't you enjoyed it yet Click "Read the original article" and then see "38 valve Gif working status and principle at a glance!" Return to Sohu while loading to see more Responsible Editor toptiontech.com