| x ray crystallography protein | Although electrophoresis, chromatography, and mass spectrometry offer widespread knowledge of molecular characteristics, the precise dimensional layout of atoms and the length of chemical bonds is still undetectable, unless by using more complex techniques. X-ray crystallography and NMR technique can solve organic or organometallic molecular structures. Although there are some advantages to using NMR spectroscopy, it is easier to determine the spatial arrangement of the atoms around the chiral center by X-ray method than using NMR spectroscopy. |