The bones of the foot include the talus, Clear Nails Plus Review which articulates superiorly with the tibia and fibula, inferiorly with the calcaneus and distally with the navicular bone. Distally from the navicular, 3 cuneiform bones go on to articulate with the first, second, and third metatarsals. Lateral to the cuneiforms, the cuboid articulates proximally with the calcaneus, medially with the navicular and third cuneiform, and distally with the fourth and fifth metatarsals. From the metatarsals the first digit contains two phalanges, and the 2nd-5th digits contain three. There is an extensive network of ligaments connecting these bones.
The arches of the foot are put in place to aid in weight bearing and to strengthen the foot. They are shock absorbers for the weight of the body and help the foot push off while walking. They also allow the foot to handle uneven surfaces better. These arches help to transmit the weight of the body during standing and walking. While standing, the foot flattens out but its curve returns when weight is taken off. There are both transverse and longitudinal arches in the foot. The transverse arch runs from side to side and is formed by the cuboid, cuneiforms, and bases of the metatarsals.
This arch is also supported by the tendon of the fibularis longus muscle as it courses across the foot from the lateral compartment of the leg. The longitudinal arch is divided into the medial and lateral arches. The medial arch is higher and serves more of a purpose. This arch is composed of the talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuneiforms, and three metatarsals. It is also supported by the tibialis anterior muscle which attaches to the first metatarsal and the first cuneiform. This helps elevate the arch.
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