Antithyroid drugs work in several ways Thyroid Rescue 911 Review from blocking the oxidzation of iodine to reducing the rate of iodide trapping. Most common in this category of drugs are propylthiouracil and its similar compounds methimazole and carbimazole. Patients with hypersecreting thyroids may be treated with the drugs above to prevent the formation of thyroid hormone from tyrosine and iodine. This is one of the most commonly used treatments for children and a study reports the achievement of long-term remission with the use of antithyroid drugs alone following a mean treatment duration of around 3 years.
Block-replacement is another method which utilizes high doses of antithyroid drugs with subsequent replacement of iodine is more convenient than the titration regimen. Block-replacement usually requires around 3 hospital visits a year, whereas the titration regimen could require twice more. The thyroid gland normally takes up about a fifth of the ingested iodides. This happens because of an active pump in the thyroid cells that effectively trap the circulating iodides in the bloodstream into the thyroid. These iodides are then oxidized and then bound to the tyrosine residues inside the thyroglobulin molecule inside the gland.
However, if the iodine that has been absorbed by the thyroid gland possesses some degree of radioactivity, this could kill the hyperactive thyroid cells rather efficiently. This method has been used in place of levothyroxine methods but it is not without its hang-ups. A possible risk of the use of radioiodine is the development of extrathyroidal carcinoma or cancer in other tissues aside from the thyroid. This treatment can also cause hypothyroidism in patients so the dose must be carefully considered.
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