Depends on the printer entirely but if printhead cleaning is the required remedial treatment then there is one critical ingredient that you need before anything else...
PATIENCE!
Without it you might as well throw your printer out of the window now and save yourself hair restorer, dye or any manner of other therapy costs that trying any other tack will achieve.
You can't "win" when fighting a printer, you can however learn :)
So, first things first. Why is your printer missing colors?
Cartridges:
- Is it / are they empty?
- Have you removed the vented tape? (the cartridge needs to breath)
- Is it / are they installed properly
- Are the cartridges/ink(s) really old
- Have you tried other cartridges?
CIS system:
- Are the vent holes unplugged/open/clogged (the vent filters can sometimes get clogged with ink that seals the filter)
- Is the ink old (18+ months)?
- Has the ink been out in direct sunlight or particularly warm conditions?
(For the last two algae can be a real problem, blocking tubes, cartridge sponges, etc... )
- Is there signs of air in the tubing and when printing, which way does it travel?
If it's backward toward the reservoir you have an air leak in your CIS loop so the printer/cartridge/buffer is not pulling ink to replace any being used up.
That's just a series of examples but you get the idea... It's not just "clogging" that can cause inks to be missing in the output. It can also be caused by:
whether the delivery system can breath (ie: replace the ink as it's used up)
algae or other foreign material in the cartridge/tubing that's impeding the flow
... and other things.
If after all that you find that your printhead really is clogged up then there are two approaches to printhead cleaning to consider:
Passive head cleaning where the cleaning solution is brought into contact with the printhead and left to break down the clog
Active head cleaning where the solution is gently applied to the ink inlet in the printhead.
(Often this approach is done by impatient people who then blow the printhead apart by being too hard with the pressure) - remember "Patience", it'll pay in the end.
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