As innate lymphocytes that recognize and kill many tumor cells, γδ T cells are now being studied as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. Meantime, the relationship between γδ T cells and cancer is complex, γδ T cells not only can motivate but also inhibit tumor growth. In addition to tumor cell killing, γδ T cells express a range of cytokines and other soluble factors in response to tumors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).