Rotary sifter broken paddy separator machine needed improvement both in the separation accuracy for large and small broken kernels and in the separation precision for small broken kernels and foreign materials. A rotary sifter, alternatively called a plan sifter or swing sieve, is a compact hexahedral steel box swinging circularly on horizontal plane and contains a vertical stack of six to eight screen trays with different mesh sizes. Judging from this configuration, the rotary sifter broken paddy separator machine has little theoretical soundness because effective broken rice separation should be done by the kernel length not its width.
To be able to meet the above requirements, the separation process must include sieving, cleaning, winnowing, screening and the use of aspiration machine. Literature has shown the existence of rice stone specific gravity separator which works on a principle that makes use of the densities variation between sand and rice. There is another specific gravity separation method adopted by Adekoya and Koya. The system involves movement of grains on an oscillating conveyor and the application of aerodynamic force. Another machine for the separation of dust and stone from rice is the stoner separator. Multi crop cleaner has been developed by Ademosun. Ozormba described rice destoner as a machine, which takes advantage of the difference in axial velocities of rice and stone. The rice is fed via a hopper into a rotating cylindrical sieve, which separate the rice from the stone. The rice passes through the sieve and leaves the stone in the cylinder to roll down to the stone collector while rice is being collected in the rice collector in his paper used sieve shaker to separate guinea corn from rice. A method of separation similar to this is adopted in the current research work.
Indented cylinder separators or triers have, the differences in kernel length as their basic separating characteristic and have been using in seed cleaning and grain milling industry. Yamashita et al. studied the separating mechanisms and the factors affecting the performance of the broken rice separator of indented cylinder type. Later, they conducted experimental tests in an attempt to use an indented cylinder separator for separating rough rice from brown rice in rice hulling process. Kawamura et al. developed a rough rice fine cleaning system by combining an indented cylinder separator with a gravity separator.
An existing destoner machine was tested, modified and its performance was evaluated. The performance evaluation carried out on the machine after modification showed that the chaff cleaning, stone separation and material flow efficiencies through lower and upper sieves were relatively higher than the existing rice destoner. Also, the modified machine has an impressive material flow efficiency through the lower and upper sieves. This work also revealed that the design capacity of the modified machine was found to be 1.80 kg/h which was higher than 0.86 kg/h obtained from the previous machine. The machine was able to improve the quality of rice by de-chaffing and separation of broken rice particles.
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