Aminophylline injection
Description
A colorless to light yellow liquid.
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Indications
It is a vascular and bronchial and diruetic. It can ralex involumary muscle and dilate blood vessels and has cardisc stimulating and diuretic action. It is chiefly used in bronchial asthma and is also useful in acure cardiac failure or as a diurctic.
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Action
Aminophylline is one of the most effective bronchial dilators,Introvenous injection of aminophylline should be considered as the first choice remedy for intractable bronchial asthma. Most of the patients will feel much relieved almost immediately after the injection but the duration of action differs from individuals. Continuous administration should be given to avoid recurrence.Intravenous injection of aminophylline can increase the rate of renal glomerular filtration,so it has certain dirtetic affect
[Dosage and administration]
For intravenous use,It can be dilured by 30ml of 5% Glucose injection and should be injected slowly.
Usual dose:10-20ml(0.25-0.5mg)once.
Maximum dose:20ml(0.5mg)once.
Use only on medical advice..
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Side Effect
You should check with your doctor immediately if any of these side effects occur when taking aminophylline:
Rare
Cracks in the skin,loss of heat from the body,red, swollen skin,scaly skin,skin rash
Incidence not known
Chest pain or discomfort,dizziness,fainting,fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat,increase in urine volume,lightheadedness,persistent vomiting,pounding or rapid pulse,seizures,shakiness
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Contraindications
Hypersensitiveity has been associated with the ethyienediamine content.
Packing:50 Ampoules of 10 ml
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Precautions
Careful consideration of the various interacting drugs and physiologic conditions that can alter theophylline clearance and require dosage adjustment should occur prior to initiation of theophylline therapy and prior to increases in theophylline dose.
Monitoring Serum Theophylline Concentrations:
Serum theophylline concentration measurements are readily available and should be used to determine whether the dosage is appropriate. Specifically, the serum theophylline concentration should be measured as follows:
Before making a dose increase to determine whether the serum concentration is sub-therapeutic in a patient who continues to be symptomatic.
Whenever signs or symptoms of theophylline toxicity are present.
Whenever there is a new illness, worsening of an existing concurrent illness or a change in the patient’s treatment regimen that may alter theophylline clearance (e.g., fever >102°F sustained for ≥24 hours, hepatitis, or drugs listed in ?TABLE II are added or discontinued).
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Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action:
Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., nonbronchodilator prophylactic effects). While the mechanisms of action of theophylline are not known with certainty, studies in animals suggest that bronchodilation is mediated by the inhibition of two isozymes of phosphodiesterase (PDE III and, to a lesser extent, PDE IV), while nonbronchodilator prophylactic actions are probably mediated through one or more different molecular mechanisms, that do not involve inhibition of PDE III or antagonism of adenosine receptors. Some of the adverse effects associated with theophylline appear to be mediated by inhibition of PDE III (e.g., hypotension, tachycardia, headache, and emesis) and adenosine receptor antagonism (e.g., alterations in cerebral blood flow).
Theophylline increases the force of contraction of diaphragmatic muscles. This action appears to be due to enhancement of calcium uptake through an adenosine-mediated channel.
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